从全球需求增长到供应不确定性，再到对低碳石油运营的需求，一系列因素的综合作用意味着2023年可能是非洲石油行业的大年

在COP27气候峰会上，非洲各国政府明确表示，他们将开发自然资源，以对抗能源贫困

有了政府的支持，以及使用新的低碳生产方法和碳捕获技术的潜力，非洲石油国家有很大的发展潜力

中国石化新闻网讯 近年来，几家能源公司在非洲和加勒比地区开发了石油和天然气项目，因为他们转向了低碳油气和面向未来的业务。随着越来越大的脱碳压力，许多石油和天然气巨头已经离开了老化的、碳密集型的作业地点，转而在非传统石油产区开发新项目。与此同时，非洲国家决心在全球能源蛋糕中分得一杯羹，不愿放弃宝贵的自然资源而拒绝参与运营。那么，随着非洲几个国家继续发展石油工业，2023年将会发生什么呢？疫情后，随着对石油和天然气的需求持续上升，我们看到各国政府转向其他石油大国寻求供应，因为欧洲实施了制裁。在提高传统油田的石油产量的同时，许多国家开始加强与新兴石油大国的关系，希望在全球对化石燃料的需求仍然很高的情况下确保低碳石油供应。这些低碳业务大多是在最近发现了巨大储量的地区开发的，如加勒比和非洲。在这些地区，石油巨头正在使用低碳生产方法和碳捕获技术，以确保原油产量对环境的危害更小。

在11月于埃及举行的COP27气候峰会上，非洲各国政府代表明确表示，应该允许非洲各国开发化石燃料资源，以帮助他们的人民摆脱贫困。随着美国和欧洲逐渐远离产能大国能源，全球对石油和天然气的强劲需求变得清晰起来，非洲领导人发现了在整个非洲大陆促进低碳石油开发的机会。纳米比亚石油专员Maggy Shino说：“有很多石油和天然气公司出席了会议，因为非洲希望发出一个信息，即我们将开发我们所有的能源资源，造福我们的人民，因为我们的问题是能源贫困。”

这有助于刺激石油和天然气行业的发展，2023年计划在非洲大陆开展几个项目。此外，每年一度的非洲石油周将于10月再次举行，以促进非洲大陆石油工业的发展机会。据分析师称，到2025年，将有70多个石油和天然气项目投产，每天可提供多达230万桶原油。

道达尔能源去年宣布将投资安哥拉的海棠气田，这是该公司在该地区其他项目的又一项投资。这将使该地区的产量增加3万桶/天。投资8.5亿美元后，预计将于2024年底开始运营。

作为非洲最大的石油生产国之一，尼日利亚也有一个宏大的计划，通过在该国北部尼日尔三角洲以外的地区开发新项目，使其石油业务多样化。经过多年的拖延，壳牌今年将继续推进Bonga North项目，2024年将投资100亿美元开发Bonga South West油田。Bonga North据信拥有多达5.25亿桶原油，这可以支持尼日利亚将产量提高到疫情前水平的目标，近几个月来，尼日利亚多次未能达到欧佩克配额。

乌干达计划通过道达尔能源运营的阿尔伯特湖开发项目继续扩大其石油工业。到目前为止，该项目已投资100亿美元。乌干达计划开发Tilenga和Kingfisher上游石油项目，并建设期待已久的1500公里东非原油管道，这些项目已被推迟多年。如果该项目完工，乌干达将从阿尔伯特湖获得23万桶/天的产量。

加纳正专注于其国内产量，希望到今年年底将其产量翻一番，从不足20万桶/天增至约42万桶/天。最近在Tano Cape Three Points区块的发现吸引了更多的外国投资，挪威的Aker能源公司正在运营该地区的业务。

随着非洲石油公司(AOC)在2月份宣布与赤道几内亚共和国签订两份产量分成合同，新的石油大国正在非洲崛起。如果政府申请，预计AOC将持有海上EG-18和EG-31区块80%的运营权益。

由于全球对低碳石油和天然气的强劲需求，非洲在国际石油舞台上为非洲找到了明确的空间，非洲大陆各国迅速采取行动，确保自己的席位。虽然尼日利亚等老牌石油大国正在扩大其工业，但加纳和赤道几内亚等新兴国家正在鼓励加大勘探力度，开发新项目，以提供低碳油气，填补绿色转型的空白。

寿琳玲 编译自 油价网

原文如下：

Africa’s Oil Industry Is Set To Flourish In 2023

A combination of factors, from growing global demand to supply uncertainty and the need for low-carbon oil operations, means that 2023 could be a big year for Africa’s oil industry.

At the COP27 climate summit, African governments made it clear that they would be developing their natural resources in order to battle energy poverty.

With government support and the potential to use new low-carbon production methods and carbon capture technology, there is plenty of potential for African oil nations going forward.

Several energy firms have developed oil and gas projects in Africa and the Caribbean in recent years as they shift to focus on low-carbon oil and future-proofing their operations. With mounting pressure to decarbonize, many oil and gas majors have moved away from aging, carbon-intensive operating sites in favor of developing new projects in non-traditional oil regions. Meanwhile, African countries are determined to claim their piece of the global energy pie, unwilling to give up valuable natural resources without taking a stake in operations. So, as several states across Africa continue to develop their oil industries, what’s expected for 2023? As the demand for oil and natural gas continued to rise in the post-pandemic period, we saw governments turn to alternative oil powers for their supply, as countries across the world imposed sanctions on oil. As well as boosting oil production from traditional sites, many countries began to foster relationships with new oil powers, in the hope of ensuring a low-carbon oil supply while the global demand for fossil fuels remains high. Most of these low-carbon operations are being developed in regions with recent discoveries of huge reserves, such as the Caribbean and Africa, where oil majors are using low-carbon production methods and carbon capture technology to ensure crude output is less harmful to the environment. 

At the COP27 climate summit, held in November, in Egypt, African government representatives made it clear that countries across Africa should be allowed to develop their fossil fuel resources to help lift their people out of poverty. As the strong global demand for oil and gas became clear after the U.S. and Europe moved away from the energy of the larggest produce. African leaders spotted the opportunity to promote the development of low-carbon oil across the continent. Namibia's petroleum commissioner, Maggy Shino, stated “There are a lot of oil and gas companies present at COP because Africa wants to send a message that we are going to develop all of our energy resources for the benefit of our people because our issue is energy poverty.”

This has helped spur the development of the oil and gas industry, with several projects planned for the continent in 2023. In addition, the annual Africa Oil Week will be held again in October, to promote opportunities in the continent’s oil industry. More than 70 oil and gas projects are slated to come online by 2025, which could provide as much as 2.3 million bpd of crude, according to analysts. 

TotalEnergies announced it would be investing in Angola’s Begonia field last year, which adds to its other projects in the region. This could boost its production in the area by 30,000 bpd. Operations are expected to commence towards the end of 2024, following an investment of $850 million. 

One of Africa’s biggest oil producers, Nigeria, also has big plans to diversify its oil operations by developing new projects outside the Niger Delta in the north of the country. After years of delays, Shell is going ahead with its Bonga North Project this year, to be followed by the $10-billion Bonga South West field in 2024. Bonga North is believed to hold as much as 525 million barrels of crude, which could support Nigeria’s goal of boosting production to pre-pandemic levels, having repeatedly failed to achieve OPEC quotas in recent months. 

Uganda has plans to continue expanding its oil industry through its TotalEnergies-operated Lake Albert Development. The project has seen an investment of $10 billion to date. Uganda has major plans for the development of the Tilenga and Kingfisher upstream oil projects, and the construction of the long-anticipated 1,500-km East African Crude Oil Pipeline, which have seen years of delays. If completed, Uganda could see an output of 230,000 bpd from Lake Albert.

And Ghana is focusing on its domestic production, which it hopes to double by the end of the year, from under 200,000 bpd to around 420,000 bpd. Recent discoveries in the Tano Cape Three Points Block have attracted greater foreign investment in the region, with Norway’s Aker Energy running operations. 

And new oil powers are emerging in Africa, as Africa Oil Corp (AOC) announced two production-sharing contracts with the Republic of Equatorial Guinea in February. AOC is expected to hold 80 percent of operated interests in the offshore Blocks EG-18 and EG-31 if government approval is achieved, with state-owned GEPetrol holding the remaining 20 percent. The companies plan to spend $7 million on the initial exploration period. AOC expects the developments to offer “low-cost, low-risk gas development opportunities.”

After identifying a clear space for Africa in the international oil arena, thanks to the strong global demand for low-carbon oil and gas, countries across the continent are acting quickly to ensure their seat at the table. While long-established oil powers, like Nigeria, are expanding their industries, newcomers, like Ghana and Equatorial Guinea, are encouraging greater exploration for the development of new projects that could provide low-carbon oil and gas to fill the gap in the green transition.

来源：中国石化新闻网   类型：转载